The Complete Guide to HTML Entities & Unicode Character Codes
In web development, certain characters are reserved by HTML to structure elements and parse markup. If you insert raw angle brackets (< or >) or ampersands (&) directly into text nodes, browsers may interpret them as HTML tags, corrupting the layout or opening security vulnerabilities like Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
Essential HTML Reserved Characters & Common Symbols
| Glyph | Description | Named Entity | Decimal Code | Hex Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| & | Ampersand | & | & | & |
| < | Less Than | < | < | < |
| > | Greater Than | > | > | > |
| " | Double Quotation Mark | " | " | " |
| © | Copyright Symbol | © | © | © |
| ™ | Trademark Symbol | ™ | ™ | ™ |
Named vs Numeric Entity References
Named entities (like € for €) are easy to remember and read during code reviews. However, numeric references (decimal € or hex €) provide universal compatibility across XML, SVG, and strict parsers that may not have full named entity dictionaries loaded.